上一篇日志:PHP使用gettext扩展实现国际化(l18n)与本地化(l10n)中讲到使用PHP的gettext扩展来实现多国语言包。
但实际项目中发现一个难以解决的问题:每次更改po文件生成二进制的mo文件后,并不能更新Apache对语言包的高速缓存,而gettext并未 提供手动刷新缓存的方法,必须重启Apache才能使更改生效。最终我决定更改实现方式,使用Wordpress中的多语言 类:gettext_reader。
WordPress实现多语言有两个文件:gettext.php (主文件),streams.php(对二进制数据[language.mo]进行处理)
先看看这两个文件:
gettext.php
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<?php /** * PHP-Gettext External Library: gettext_reader class * * @package External * @subpackage PHP-gettext * * @internal Copyright (c) 2003 Danilo Segan <danilo@kvota.net>. Copyright (c) 2005 Nico Kaiser <nico@siriux.net> This file is part of PHP-gettext. PHP-gettext is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. PHP-gettext is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PHP-gettext; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */ /** * Provides a simple gettext replacement that works independently from * the system's gettext abilities. * It can read MO files and use them for translating strings. * The files are passed to gettext_reader as a Stream (see streams.php) * * This version has the ability to cache all strings and translations to * speed up the string lookup. * While the cache is enabled by default, it can be switched off with the * second parameter in the constructor (e.g. whenusing very large MO files * that you don't want to keep in memory) */ class gettext_reader { //public: var $error = 0; // public variable that holds error code (0 if no error) //private: var $BYTEORDER = 0; // 0: low endian, 1: big endian var $STREAM = NULL; var $short_circuit = false; var $enable_cache = false; var $originals = NULL; // offset of original table var $translations = NULL; // offset of translation table var $pluralheader = NULL; // cache header field for plural forms var $select_string_function = NULL; // cache function, which chooses plural forms var $total = 0; // total string count var $table_originals = NULL; // table for original strings (offsets) var $table_translations = NULL; // table for translated strings (offsets) var $cache_translations = NULL; // original -> translation mapping /* Methods */ /** * Reads a 32bit Integer from the Stream * * @access private * @return Integer from the Stream */ function readint() { if ($this->BYTEORDER == 0) { // low endian $low_end = unpack('V', $this->STREAM->read(4)); return array_shift($low_end); } else { // big endian $big_end = unpack('N', $this->STREAM->read(4)); return array_shift($big_end); } } /** * Reads an array of Integers from the Stream * * @param int count How many elements should be read * @return Array of Integers */ function readintarray($count) { if ($this->BYTEORDER == 0) { // low endian return unpack('V' . $count, $this->STREAM->read(4 * $count)); } else { // big endian return unpack('N' . $count, $this->STREAM->read(4 * $count)); } } /** * Constructor * * @param object Reader the StreamReader object * @param boolean enable_cache Enable or disable caching of strings (default on) */ function gettext_reader($Reader, $enable_cache = true) { // If there isn't a StreamReader, turn on short circuit mode. if (!$Reader || isset($Reader->error)) { $this->short_circuit = true; return; } // Caching can be turned off $this->enable_cache = $enable_cache; // $MAGIC1 = (int)0x950412de; //bug in PHP 5.0.2, see https://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/?func=detailitem&item_id=10565 $MAGIC1 = (int) -1794895138; // $MAGIC2 = (int)0xde120495; //bug $MAGIC2 = (int) -569244523; // 64-bit fix $MAGIC3 = (int) 2500072158; $this->STREAM = $Reader; $magic = $this->readint(); if ($magic == $MAGIC1 || $magic == $MAGIC3) { // to make sure it works for 64-bit platforms $this->BYTEORDER = 0; } elseif ($magic == ($MAGIC2 & 0xFFFFFFFF)) { $this->BYTEORDER = 1; } else { $this->error = 1; // not MO file return false; } // FIXME: Do we care about revision? We should. $revision = $this->readint(); $this->total = $this->readint(); $this->originals = $this->readint(); $this->translations = $this->readint(); } /** * Loads the translation tables from the MO file into the cache * If caching is enabled, also loads all strings into a cache * to speed up translation lookups * * @access private */ function load_tables() { if (is_array($this->cache_translations) && is_array($this->table_originals) && is_array($this->table_translations)) return; /* get original and translations tables */ $this->STREAM->seekto($this->originals); $this->table_originals = $this->readintarray($this->total * 2); $this->STREAM->seekto($this->translations); $this->table_translations = $this->readintarray($this->total * 2); if ($this->enable_cache) { $this->cache_translations = array(); /* read all strings in the cache */ for ($i = 0; $i < $this->total; $i++) { $this->STREAM->seekto($this->table_originals[$i * 2 + 2]); $original = $this->STREAM->read($this->table_originals[$i * 2 + 1]); $this->STREAM->seekto($this->table_translations[$i * 2 + 2]); $translation = $this->STREAM->read($this->table_translations[$i * 2 + 1]); $this->cache_translations[$original] = $translation; } } } /** * Returns a string from the "originals" table * * @access private * @param int num Offset number of original string * @return string Requested string if found, otherwise '' */ function get_original_string($num) { $length = $this->table_originals[$num * 2 + 1]; $offset = $this->table_originals[$num * 2 + 2]; if (!$length) return ''; $this->STREAM->seekto($offset); $data = $this->STREAM->read($length); return (string) $data; } /** * Returns a string from the "translations" table * * @access private * @param int num Offset number of original string * @return string Requested string if found, otherwise '' */ function get_translation_string($num) { $length = $this->table_translations[$num * 2 + 1]; $offset = $this->table_translations[$num * 2 + 2]; if (!$length) return ''; $this->STREAM->seekto($offset); $data = $this->STREAM->read($length); return (string) $data; } /** * Binary search for string * * @access private * @param string string * @param int start (internally used in recursive function) * @param int end (internally used in recursive function) * @return int string number (offset in originals table) */ function find_string($string, $start = -1, $end = -1) { if (($start == -1) or ($end == -1)) { // find_string is called with only one parameter, set start end end $start = 0; $end = $this->total; } if (abs($start - $end) <= 1) { // We're done, now we either found the string, or it doesn't exist $txt = $this->get_original_string($start); if ($string == $txt) return $start; else return -1; } else if ($start > $end) { // start > end -> turn around and start over return $this->find_string($string, $end, $start); } else { // Divide table in two parts $half = (int) (($start + $end) / 2); $cmp = strcmp($string, $this->get_original_string($half)); if ($cmp == 0) // string is exactly in the middle => return it return $half; else if ($cmp < 0) // The string is in the upper half return $this->find_string($string, $start, $half); else // The string is in the lower half return $this->find_string($string, $half, $end); } } /** * Translates a string * * @access public * @param string string to be translated * @return string translated string (or original, if not found) */ function translate($string) { if ($this->short_circuit) return $string; $this->load_tables(); if ($this->enable_cache) { // Caching enabled, get translated string from cache if (array_key_exists($string, $this->cache_translations)) return $this->cache_translations[$string]; else return $string; } else { // Caching not enabled, try to find string $num = $this->find_string($string); if ($num == -1) return $string; else return $this->get_translation_string($num); } } /** * Get possible plural forms from MO header * * @access private * @return string plural form header */ function get_plural_forms() { // lets assume message number 0 is header // this is true, right? $this->load_tables(); // cache header field for plural forms if (!is_string($this->pluralheader)) { if ($this->enable_cache) { $header = $this->cache_translations[""]; } else { $header = $this->get_translation_string(0); } $header .= " "; //make sure our regex matches if (eregi("plural-forms: ([^ ]*) ", $header, $regs)) $expr = $regs[1]; else $expr = "nplurals=2; plural=n == 1 ? 0 : 1;"; // add parentheses // important since PHP's ternary evaluates from left to right $expr .= ';'; $res = ''; $p = 0; for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($expr); $i++) { $ch = $expr[$i]; switch ($ch) { case '?' : $res .= ' ? ('; $p++; break; case ':' : $res .= ') : ('; break; case ';' : $res .= str_repeat(')', $p) . ';'; $p = 0; break; default : $res .= $ch; } } $this->pluralheader = $res; } return $this->pluralheader; } /** * Detects which plural form to take * * @access private * @param n count * @return int array index of the right plural form */ function select_string($n) { if (is_null($this->select_string_function)) { $string = $this->get_plural_forms(); if (preg_match("/npluralss*=s*(d+)s*;s*plurals*=s*(.*?);+/", $string, $matches)) { $nplurals = $matches[1]; $expression = $matches[2]; $expression = str_replace("n", '$n', $expression); } else { $nplurals = 2; $expression = ' $n == 1 ? 0 : 1 '; } $func_body = " $plural = ($expression); return ($plural <= $nplurals)? $plural : $plural - 1;"; $this->select_string_function = create_function('$n', $func_body); } return call_user_func($this->select_string_function, $n); } /** * Plural version of gettext * * @access public * @param string single * @param string plural * @param string number * @return translated plural form */ function ngettext($single, $plural, $number) { if ($this->short_circuit) { if ($number != 1) return $plural; else return $single; } // find out the appropriate form $select = $this->select_string($number); // this should contains all strings separated by NULLs $key = $single . chr(0) . $plural; if ($this->enable_cache) { if (!array_key_exists($key, $this->cache_translations)) { return ($number != 1) ? $plural : $single; } else { $result = $this->cache_translations[$key]; $list = explode(chr(0), $result); return $list[$select]; } } else { $num = $this->find_string($key); if ($num == -1) { return ($number != 1) ? $plural : $single; } else { $result = $this->get_translation_string($num); $list = explode(chr(0), $result); return $list[$select]; } } } } ?> |
streams.php
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<?php /** * PHP-Gettext External Library: StreamReader classes * * @package External * @subpackage PHP-gettext * * @internal Copyright (c) 2003, 2005 Danilo Segan <danilo@kvota.net>. This file is part of PHP-gettext. PHP-gettext is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. PHP-gettext is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PHP-gettext; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */ // Simple class to wrap file streams, string streams, etc. // seek is essential, and it should be byte stream class StreamReader { // should return a string [FIXME: perhaps return array of bytes?] function read($bytes) { return false; } // should return new position function seekto($position) { return false; } // returns current position function currentpos() { return false; } // returns length of entire stream (limit for seekto()s) function length() { return false; } } class StringReader { var $_pos; var $_str; function StringReader($str = '') { $this->_str = $str; $this->_pos = 0; // If string functions are overloaded, we need to use the mb versions $this->is_overloaded = ((ini_get("mbstring.func_overload") & 2) != 0) && function_exists('mb_substr'); } function _substr($string, $start, $length) { if ($this->is_overloaded) { return mb_substr($string, $start, $length, 'ascii'); } else { return substr($string, $start, $length); } } function _strlen($string) { if ($this->is_overloaded) { return mb_strlen($string, 'ascii'); } else { return strlen($string); } } function read($bytes) { $data = $this->_substr($this->_str, $this->_pos, $bytes); $this->_pos += $bytes; if ($this->_strlen($this->_str) < $this->_pos) $this->_pos = $this->_strlen($this->_str); return $data; } function seekto($pos) { $this->_pos = $pos; if ($this->_strlen($this->_str) < $this->_pos) $this->_pos = $this->_strlen($this->_str); return $this->_pos; } function currentpos() { return $this->_pos; } function length() { return $this->_strlen($this->_str); } } class FileReader { var $_pos; var $_fd; var $_length; function FileReader($filename) { if (file_exists($filename)) { $this->_length = filesize($filename); $this->_pos = 0; $this->_fd = fopen($filename, 'rb'); if (!$this->_fd) { $this->error = 3; // Cannot read file, probably permissions return false; } } else { $this->error = 2; // File doesn't exist return false; } } function read($bytes) { if ($bytes) { fseek($this->_fd, $this->_pos); // PHP 5.1.1 does not read more than 8192 bytes in one fread() // the discussions at PHP Bugs suggest it's the intended behaviour while ($bytes > 0) { $chunk = fread($this->_fd, $bytes); $data .= $chunk; $bytes -= strlen($chunk); } $this->_pos = ftell($this->_fd); return $data; } else return ''; } function seekto($pos) { fseek($this->_fd, $pos); $this->_pos = ftell($this->_fd); return $this->_pos; } function currentpos() { return $this->_pos; } function length() { return $this->_length; } function close() { fclose($this->_fd); } } // Preloads entire file in memory first, then creates a StringReader // over it (it assumes knowledge of StringReader internals) class CachedFileReader extends StringReader { function CachedFileReader($filename) { parent::StringReader(); if (file_exists($filename)) { $length = filesize($filename); $fd = fopen($filename, 'rb'); if (!$fd) { $this->error = 3; // Cannot read file, probably permissions return false; } $this->_str = fread($fd, $length); fclose($fd); } else { $this->error = 2; // File doesn't exist return false; } } } ?> |
我自已写了几个方法,封装相关的操作:
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/** * 初始化 * * @param string $locale */ function l10n_init($locale) { // 加载第三方包 require_once ('./streams.php'); require_once ('./gettext.php'); $moFile = new FileReader(ROOT . "/languages/{$locale}/zh_CN.mo"); $gettext = new gettext_reader($moFile); return $gettext; } /** * 返回短语 * * @param string $str * * @return string */ function __($str) { global $zwframe; return $zwframe->l10n_init->translate($str); } /** * 打印短语 * * @param string $str */ function _e($str) { echo __($str); } |
使用方法:
1 |
$zwframe->l10n_init = l10n_init($options['language']); |
需要返回短语时使用函数 __(); 需要打印短语时使用函数 _e();